The Best Essay Topics For TOEFL and IELTS

The Best Essay Topics For TOEFL and IELTSFirst-time college students often struggle with ETS essay topics for TOEFL and IELTS tests. Here are some ideas for helping them write the best possible essay for these tests. Preparing an essay for these tests doesn't have to be impossible. Even those who don't take standardized tests as often as other students can still write a strong English composition exam.The first thing you need to do is decide what type of essay you will be writing. Writing essays for different types of tests should be done differently, but there are basic principles that apply to all types of tests. First, your essay should begin by describing in the first paragraph why the topic is important to you and the people reading it. Next, it should give reasons for each of the points you are making in the essay, or at least discuss how you would feel if you were reading your essay in context.If you need to include photographs, graphics, charts, and tables, you will need to w rite your essay in an essay format that is easily searchable in the database of the ETS test center. Before you begin writing, make sure that you have set the correct category in the section of the IELTS test that you are taking. In some cases, it will be called a discussion section or an essay center section, depending on the test center.Write the essay as clearly and concisely as possible. If you aren't sure how to do this, ask someone else to read it to you or look it up online. Reading is the best way to improve your writing. Don't let yourself get bogged down in technical jargon or other difficult aspects of your topic.The last piece of advice for the best ETS essay topics for TOEFL and IELTS test scores is to write each paragraph of your essay the same way. For example, have one paragraph start with a sentence that includes the first, third, fifth, or seventh words, respectively. Use this sentence in each paragraph, and have a three-word paragraph follow at the end of each par agraph.When preparing for ETS tests, it is important to learn about the types of questions that are typically asked. Because this test is designed to measure your ability to express your ideas clearly and accurately, you must provide an essay that uses all of the key vocabulary and concepts you'll be tested on. It is also important to understand how English grammar will be used.An English composition essay must not only be able to answer the test's questions, but it must also be able to show readers how to use and understand your argument. If you can't write well enough to answer basic questions or to convey the proper English language to potential readers, then you won't be able to write well enough to answer more difficult ones.When choosing the best ETS essay topics for TOEFL and IELTS test scores, be sure to prepare ahead of time and ask yourself and a friend if you can write clearly. If not, focus on developing a clear understanding of grammar and how it applies to the topic of your essay.

The Number One Article on Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics

The Number One Article on Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics The New Fuss About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics Entrepreneurial leaders take calculated risks, they form a productive venture group, work to locate the needed resources and utilize fundamental skill to earn a stable small business program. This creates an extremely different atmosphere for implementation, Blanchard writes. Servant leadership is a particular set of techniques, which are targeted at the suitable organization of the practice of production. It is said to be the most ethical strategy of management. As a way to go for an intriguing topic, which will demonstrate your finest talents, you ought to keep reading. You must understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. The same is true for writing. But whenever you are likely to compose a term paper you are going to have to limit yourself to some particular branch or concept in order for the writing doesn't become overly lo ng or boring. You must be certain to understand everything clearly once you opt for an essay topic. The Hidden Truth About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics Listening, coupled with regular amounts of reflection, is necessary to the increase of the servant-leader. Finally, they don't care about the surroundings and human society generally. They have their very own inner serenity. This permits you to give more of yourself to others when it has to do with relationships since this will develop your self esteem and confidence. Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics Help! He should be prepared to assist them. It's a social influence procedure, which involves voluntary action on the section of followers and it's always purposeful and goal-oriented. Do not be hesitant to ask questions if there are a few unclear points. You want to reveal the readers that you master of the subject and not a confused newbie who doesn't understand what he or she's referring to. More than criticism I have observed assertions stating that this sort of leadership isn't measureable or hasn't been measured and that more information is required. Inform us in the comments. In an attempt to stick out among your classmates and receiving good grades, you'll need to make sure that the topic you are likely to write about is interesting enough to impress your professor. Want to Know More About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics? If you've selected leadership as the region of your research but can't choose the particular topic or the way to begin selecting then here are a couple of topics to help you begin. I am certain the post now can aid you with the research topic you are interested in or deliver you some random suggestions to develop a topic for your dissertation by your own. There are instances when you're assigned with the topic but more frequently, you'll need to create a topic on your own. He helped me with many issues in my personal life, not simply work iss ues. In the event the indistinct issues continue to be at large, it is wise to leave this topic be and simply pick another one. To my mind, it is going to be right to concentrate on the historical evolution of the idea of servant leadership. He was quite good a conceptualization also. Additionally, it emphasizes using openness and persuasion as opposed to control. He had good awareness also. It would be less difficult to learn more about the theme and write about doing it. Building community the community isn't completely healed. Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics - Overview A servant leadership puts the follower first to be able to help them in their career development. It wasn't isolated to me. We was very persuasive also. They also need to select the vision and act upon it and not sit back and permit the followers do all of the work. Details of Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics Although servant leadership is frequently associated with the Bible and Jesus Christ, it is completely compatible with the majority of religions and theories of philosophy. In other words, a servant-leader is the leader who would like to develop his own business for the benefit of the whole society. Although leading the individuals, their purpose is to serve others. The theory assumes people are born as leaders or not as leaders because the traits are regarded to be naturally part of someone's personality. In both instances, the post serves its goal. This advice might appear dull if you're working on historical paper. Students often pick a good are but get confused in regards to selecting the particular topic in that region. They need to see the huge picture. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics Is Wrong Unfortunately, just about any entrepreneur embodies this conventional model of leadership nowadays. Foresight to be able to develop this characteristic effectively, the leader have in order to a nalyze any circumstance and have a large quantity of discernment in regards to decision making. He had very great foresight also. He provided empathy also. Leadership is something which can be explored endlessly. We first have to understand what leadership is. Leadership is the capacity to find other to follow you willingly. So How About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics? They aren't seekers after solace. In addition, he showed us that we should put aside our private gain and makes sacrifices to satisfy the requirements of others. That, consequently, inspires others to be whole also. Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics - the Story Make the usage of the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. When deciding on your research paper topic, you must make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. To compose a great research paper you will need to be confident in your argument . There's well-known that you aren't going to have the ability to write a very good insightful research paper if you're not interested in the subject overall and in this issue particularly. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life. All About Servant Leadership Research Paper Topics It further suggests that somebody has to have a particular set of values so as to be a successful leader. A leadership model which employs those aspects may encourage employees to attain high effects and place the long-term interest of the provider ahead of their very own short-term interest. Moreover, the leader cares about the correct working conditions for his employees so as to boost employee satisfaction and performance. The most suitable leader should begin working first so as to encourage others. To become an outstanding leader, they have to be a terrific follower. Therefore, it'll be determined if a leader with a persona l character that contradicts their leadership capability can help determine the employees positively. A leader should have a vision and know just where to go. Some of the ethics that he should maintain. Conceptualization with the vision available, the leader have to consider past the current objective. A servant leader is someone who leads from behind by supporting the growth of individuals in the organization as a transformational leader stipulates a typical goal and vision and develops people to fulfill those goals.

Writing a Good Peer Review Essay

Writing a Good Peer Review EssaySample peer review essays are a must if you want to have a good report from your report-writing career. Aside from being able to convey your arguments in a good manner, they also help you find a good editor. They are very essential when you write or submit your sample report. Your peer review will be considered very carefully as the choice of the editor and it will surely have an impact on the success of your manuscript.This is very important because you will be relying on him/her for the choice of editors. Thus, it will be your responsibility to know how to write a good report even if you do not have any experience or skills. So, what are the things that you should consider in writing a good report?You need to choose the best of your peers who are willing to be peer reviewed. Thus, you can only get a favorable result if you find a good editor who would be willing to help out his/her newbie. If you are looking for a list of your peers, then you can loo k for an online listing or a list of editors who are willing to be a part of this process. On the other hand, you may be looking for a professional peer review community which is already online so that you can search for them easily.The first thing that you should do in writing a good report is to draft your peer review letter so that it will be able to capture the attention of the editors that you are seeking for. You should put yourself in your article or essay carefully. You should be as honest as possible while writing your essay. Never worry that your essay will be rejected.Write about the past experiences you had and the quality of your peer review. Always put a positive tone in your essay, so that the editors will take note of it and will be more open to accept your letter. This will not only help you become a better writer but will also help you to move up a level in your career.Keep in mind that if you are a potential writers and want to move forward then you should at leas t read and apply to one editor. This is one way of knowing that your writing skills are okay. Thus, the next time you get to be asked to be a writer, you can actually prepare your peer review essay.The last thing that you should do in writing a good report is to choose a good editor who will be able to edit your peer review. But, remember that it is always best to write your report with someone who is willing to help out. So, it will be a good idea to find someone that is willing to let you see their essay before they do any editing.So, if you want to have a report that can become a hit, then it is imperative that you always send your peer review to a reviewer who is willing to give it a second look. This will surely help you to increase your chances of getting a good report.

Skyscrapers Essays (2149 words) - Structural System, Skyscrapers

Skyscrapers Picture in your mind the skyline of downtown Toronto. There's the CN Tower, of course, and the 72-floor First Canadian Place, the city's tallest skyscraper. Cascading from there are the assorted banks and hotels and insurance towers. Now, use your imagination to construct some new buildings, these ones reaching three, four and five times higher than the others. Top it all off with a skyscraper one mile high (three times as high as the CN Tower). Sound fanciful? It did 30 years ago when Frank Lloyd Wright proposed the first mile-high building. But not today. We are now said to be entering the age of the superskyscraper, with tall buildings poised to take a giant new leap into the sky. Skyscrapers approaching the mile mark may still be awhile off, but there are proposals now for megastructures soaring 900 m -- twice as high as the world's tallest building, the 110-story Sears Tower in Chicago. Suppose that you were asked to erect such a building. How would you do it? What ar e the obstacles you'd face? What materials would you use? And where would you put it? Building a superskyscraper, the first thing you would need is a considerable slice of real estate. Tall buildings require a large base to support their load and keep them stable. In general, the height of a building should be six times its base, so, for a skyscraper 900-m tall, you'd need a base of 150 square m. That much space is hard to come by in, say, downtown Toronto, forcing you to look for an undeveloped area, perhaps the Don Valley ravine, next to the Science Centre. Bear in mind though that the Don Valley is overlain by loose sand and silt, and tall buildings must stand on firm ground, or else risk the fate of edifices like the Empress Hotel in Victoria. This grand dowager, completed in 1908, long before the science of soil mechanics, has since found herself slowly sinking into the soft clay. Soil analysis is especially critical in facing the threat of earthquakes. The Japanese hav e learned many times the hard way what happens when an earth tremor shakes a high-rise constructed on soft, wet sand. The quake's enormous energy severs the loose connections between the individual grains, turning the ground into quicksand in just seconds and swallowing up the building. . Engineers have actually built machines that condense loose ground. One machine pounds the earth with huge hammers. Another plunges a large vibrating probe into the ground, like a blender in a milk shake, stirring up the sand so that its structure collapses and the individuals grains fall closer together. Anchoring a skyscraper in the Don Valley would best be solved by driving long steel piles down through the sand and silt into the underlying hard clay till. Or, if the clay till lies too far underground, inserting more piles into the sand. The friction between sand and so much steel would then be sufficient to hold the concrete foundation above in place. The next obstacle in erecting a su perskyscraper, and perhaps the biggest one, is wind. Tall buildings actually sway in the breeze, in much the same way that a diving board bends under the weight of a diver. Building an edifice that doesn't topple over in the wind is easy enough. The real challenge is keeping the structure so stiff that it doesn't swing too far, cracking partitions, shattering windows and making the upper occupants seasick. As a rule, the top of skyscraper should never drift more than 1/400 of its height at a wind velocity of 150 km/h. Older buildings, like the Empire State Building, were built so that their core withstood all bending stresses. But structural engineers have since found that by shifting the bracing and support to the perimeter of a building, it can better resist high winds. The most advanced buildings are constructed like a hollow tube, with thin, outer columns spaced tightly together and welded to broad horizontal beams. Toronto's First Canadian Place and New York's World Trade Center towers are all giant, framed tubes. A superskyscraper would undoubtedly need extra rigidity, which you could add by bracing its framework with giant

Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy

Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy Introduction Marketing strategy is basically incorporation of strategic way of thinking in the field of marketing. It is the process that enables an organization to focus its resources to greater opportunities to enhance sales and attain competitive advantage (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 6).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing strategies are normally based on the concept of consumer satisfaction. Marketing strategy is most effective when it is integrated into the business strategy. In such case, it defines how the organization engages with its customers, makes plans and handles its competitors (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 8). Given the fact that customers are the major source of the company’s income, marketing strategy is highly linked to sales. The main aim of marketing strategy is to align marketing with business goals and objective s (Kriemadis Terzoudis, 2007, p. 30). Marketing strategy also acts as a foundation for the marketing plan and vice versa. Marketing strategy entails a set of action that enhances marketing plan. For that reason, marketing strategy is the foundation of marketing plan intended to satisfy market needs and accomplish marketing goals (McDonald, 2002, p. 13). In most cases the marketing strategy combines business goals, policies and activities into one. Marketing strategy thus acts as the reference point for all the marketing activities within an organization (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 10). The aim of this paper is to develop a marketing checklist for Adidas Company that would focus on corporate or organizational capability, competition, target markets and business environment. Marketing checklist is meant to provide direction for the business managers on factors to consider when formulating and implementing marketing strategy.Advertising Looking for assessment on business econo mics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The marketing checklist also helps to enhance the current marketing activities and to establish prospective opportunities. The checklist is also meant to help the company to effectively service the requirements of the target market. Market Analysis Global Sporting Apparel and Footwear Market The competitors of Adidas company are spread all over the world. The price margin between these companies is small and consumers can switch to different products with ease (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 32). Athletic footwear being the most premium products, these companies focus more on the quality and durability of sports shoes since consumers are also looking for good quality and value for their money. In addition to large multinational companies dealing with similar products, for instance, Puma and Nike, competition also come from local companies found in different market segments. Three quarters of the world athletic apparel market and about 20% of the global shoe market belongs to localized companies (Pulendran, Speed Widing 2003, p. 478). The massive economies of scale are a major barrier for new entrants into the industry. Entering this market calls for enormous capital investment for developing and promoting a highly innovative product (McDonald 2002, p. 3). In addition, most consumers are looking to buy high quality products from reputable companies with already strong brand names.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creation of a company with highly innovative products and strong brand name in the global market takes a very long period of time, thus makes it very hard for new entrants to survive in this industry (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 29). Consumers possess the bargaining power and can always switch to rival products when forced to. As a result, the global sports apparel and footwear market is characterized by low price margins and highly innovative products of both small and big manufacturers. Consumers have numerous brand names to choose from, with large price variations. The market also lacks complements and as a consequence consumers have higher bargaining power because they are not tied to specific products (Claycomb, Germain Droge 2000, p. 221). Competitive Environment Competitive business environment refers to the number and type of competitors within the industry (Salicru, 2010, p. 5). Competition varies from one market segment to another and therefore it is the responsibility of the marketing managers to formulate suitable marketing strategies for each segment (Keegan, 2002, p. 70). In addition to other factors, high competition in the market complicates the matters in the business environment. Businesses under such conditions normally face high uncertainty and advanced marketing strategies (Salicru, 2010, p. 5). The biggest rival of Adidas is Nike, which controls a third of the global market in sportswear, considerably higher than Adidas. In addition, there are other smaller competitors found in different corners of the world. In Asia we have Li Ning which is China’s largest sports shoe company. All these companies hoping to conquer Adidas Market share but with more advanced marketing strategy Adidas has been able to counter all of its rivals (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 30). The Adidas group uses numerous marketing strategies to place its products into the global market.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its target market includes big events such as the Olympic Games, EUFA Champions Leagues and FIFA World Cups. One of the strategy used by the company to reach its target market include acquisition of right of sponsorship. In addition, the group has entered into sponsorship deals with big clubs and famous sports icons worldwide (Andreasen Kotler 2003, p. 4; Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 32). The Marketing Environment Successful businesses are those that have adapted to their surrounding environment. Organizational contact with the environment squarely lies within the marketing domain and the development of suitable marketing strategies (Kotler Armstrong, 2001, p. 25). Over the past twenty years, most business literatures have paid a lot of attention in the area of marketing strategy. The reason behind the growing interest is mainly attributed to the remarkable transformation in the business environment (both internal and external environments). Nonetheless, literatures in strategic management and strategic marketing focus on the external business environment (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 8). Social Environment Social environment encompasses the trends and demographic factors in the target market, for instance, societal attitudes or demographic shifts that can either have a negative or positive impact on the marketing strategy. An example of demographic shifts is the education levels in the Asian Market which have forced the company to spend more money on staff training and promotional activities. The high population in China and Indian has led to more focus in the Asian market (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 33). The increasing passion for sports has led to re-branding of Adidas products. Adidas has benefited massively from its efforts to re-brand its products to the highly fashionable line of products for multi-use and active lifestyle. The group is working hand in hand with the leading fashion designers to develop products that are highly fashionable for active and casual use. Re-branding has made Adidas gain immense inroad with the female consumers. The majority of the female consumers desire products that powerfully incorporate fashion, comfort and functionality. Female consumers have always remained untapped market segment (Claycomb, Germain Droge, 2000, p. 22). Economic and Political Environment Economic environment refers to the overall economic state and condition of a given state or region. The general state and condition of the economy normally have considerable impact on the company’s decision making process (Salicru, 2010, p. 12). Countries/ regions with the sound economic condition and high consumer purchasing power generally attract a high number of investors. This does not mean that companies do not venture into areas which are unhealthy economic-wise and have lower consumer purchasing power. Adidas group has been able to develop products that suits different market segments (Salicru, 2010, p. 14). Understanding the pol itical environment of the targeted market is very important especially for companies venturing into foreign markets. Political environment encompasses government policies and regulations that could have a positive and negative impact on the marketing strategies (Chaneta, 2002, p. 23). Being a multinational company, Adidas has also entered into agreements and negotiations with different governments in matters related to laws and regulations (Dibb, Farhangmehr Simkin, 2001. P. 409). Technological Environment Technological environment comprises of computers and computer systems used to manage businesses today and the infrastructure that supports these systems and processes (De Mooij, 2005, p. 101). Changes in technology enhance the vibrancy and intricacy of the business environment (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 33), which increases the complexity of marketing strategy developed by businesses (Chaneta, 2002, p. 24). Adidas Company has a strong reputation for incorporating technology on it s product line. The company is planning to build on this reputation by introducing new product lines that incorporate advanced technology to improve the performance of athletes. For instance, introducing athlete shoes with embedded microprocessor to monitor, measure and provide data on the athlete’s body, terrain and body impact. The issue of cost will be very insignificant since Adidas has already developed Adidas 1 which incorporates a microprocessor. The innovative nature of Adidas products has helped the Adidas brand maintain its technological prowess in the global market (Kriemadis Terzoudis, 2007, p. 33; Dibb Farhangmehr Simkin, 2001. P. 411). Internal Environment Internal business environment refers to internal conditions that have considerable impact on the decision-making process and general well-being of the business (Salicru, 2010, p. 6). Internal environment includes organization culture, staff commitment and competence, and internal control and evaluation mecha nism (Chaneta, 2002, p. 28). Organizational culture could positively or negatively impact the formulation and implementation of the marketing strategy. This depends on the compatibility of the organizational culture with the environment. Innovative culture in Adidas Company has facilitated the formulation of credible strategies and smooth implementation of marketing strategies (Keegan, 2002, p. 77; Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 32). The company is well endowed with analytically competent staff. These employees are capable of analysing problems and opportunities and coming up with remedies and strategies for the same (Pulendran, Speed, Widing, 2003, p. 479). They are also able to use a number of analytical and marketing tools such as SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix and product Lifecycle analysis among others. Analytical competency not only enhances the role of staff in strategic marketing but also increases the company’s autonomy (Salicru, 2010, p. 9). The company’s emplo yees are also loyal and highly committed and always put more effort during the formulation and implementation of the marketing strategies. Increased staff commitment ensures effective assessment and management of the marketing strategy (Huczynski Buchanan, 2007, p. 7). Strategy evaluation and monitoring process is very important because of the constant changes in the market and consumer preferences. Hence, efficient evaluation and monitoring process put in place by the company positively impacts marketing strategy (Keegan, 2002, p. 19). Corporate Capability Numerous studies have been carried out regarding the development of core competencies to improve the performance and competitive advantage of organizations. The resource-based theory of the firm emphasizes on both the tangible and intangible capabilities (Hall, 1993, p. 608). Therefore, the main responsibility of any organization is to establish those capabilities that give its competitive advantage over its rivals. These capabi lities are normally rare, intricate and implicit. They are rare because they are not easy to copy, intricate because they are related to a number of factors that are linked to greater consumer value and implicit because they are permanently entrenched in the company (Johnson Scholes, 1999, p. 5). According to Hall (1993, p. 611), the main building block for any form of business strategy is a core competency. However, according to him, core competency is different from capability. He defines core competence as the blend of technological entities and production expertise that forms the basis for all the products of any given company, for instance, the incorporation of technology (GPS tracking devise) in sportswear by Adidas company (Dibb, Farhangmehr Simkin, 2001. P. 411). Consider a company like Adidas which has moved from sporting footwear to global sporting apparel and footwear. Experts attribute the success of this company to its core competency in sportswear. However, they argu e that even though its core competency has significantly contributed to its success in the global sporting apparel and footwear industry, the success cannot be attributed to the underlying competence alone. After all there are other well known companies, for instance, Nike and Puma which are successful designers and producers of sporting apparel and footwear. Hence, what gives the company a competitive edge over the competitors is its focus on capabilities (Stalk, Evans, Shulman, 1992, p. 65; Dibb, Farhangmehr Simkin, 2001. P. 411). Some of the company’s capabilities include incorporation of technology in its products and product realization which entails studying the needs of the market and providing products that meet those needs (Stalk, Evans, Shulman, 1992, p. 66). From the above example it is apparent that core competencies and capabilities are two different but complementary features of corporate strategy. They highlight the behavioural aspect of marketing strategy a s opposed to the traditional structural dimension of marketing. Therefore, both core competency and capabilities represent the universal model of corporate strategy (Vorhies Harker, 2000, p. 155). Targeted Market Target market refers to the prospective customers of the company’s goods and services. In other words, target market is the group of individuals and businesses that are targeted for sales and marketing (McDonald, 2002, p. 33; Lauren, 1999, p. 3). Effective identification of the potential client base generally helps to identify marketing strategies that can be incorporated into the business plan. Once this group is identified the four P’s of marketing (that is price, product, place, and promotion) are applied to determine the best product or service that fits a particular market segment (De Mooij, 2005, p. 4). Adidas is also putting a lot of emphasis on the emerging new markets in Asia and Latin America. Adidas has already beaten Nike in some of the Asian mark ets such as Japan and India and are divided over the Chinese market. The group has also seen the rise in its sales volume in Latin America. Adidas group has achieved this by collaborating with the local apparel manufacturers, sports clubs and sports personalities. These collaborations have enabled them to easily acquire vital information of different market segments. For instance, in China most of the commercials and advertisements include the Chinese-American Basketball icon Yao Ming which has enabled the Adidas to gain inroad among the Chinese Youths. Adidas is also collaborating with the local sports fraternity to increase interest in sports. Initially, such gestures do not create a lot of buyers, but in the long-run it generates interest in sports and markets Adidas brands (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 34; McDonald 2002, p. 6). Conclusion Marketing strategy is a process through which companies can make best use of opportunities to enhance sales and attain sustainable competitiv e advantage using the available scarce resources. Marketing strategies are normally based on consumer satisfaction models and are more effective when integrated into the business strategy. However, there are a number of factors that have significant impact on the formulation and implementation of marketing strategy. They include internal and external environment, corporate capabilities, targeted marketing, and the level of competition among others. Corporate capabilities dictate the behavioural aspect of marketing strategies. Environmental factors and competition can either represent opportunities or a threat to the existing market strategies. References Andreasen, A.R., Kotler, P. (2003). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Chaneta, I. (2002). Environments That Affect Marketing Management. Journal of Comprehensive Research, 7, 20-28. Claycomb, C., Germain, R., Droge, C. (2000). The effects of formal strategic market ing planning on the industrial firm’s configuration, structure, exchange patterns and performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 219-234. Cravens, D.W., Piercy, N.F. (2006) Strategic marketing (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. De Mooij, M. (2005). Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural  Paradoxes. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Dibb, S., Farhangmehr, M. Simkin, L. (2001). The marketing planning experience: UK and Portuguese comparison. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 19 (6), 409-417. Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabilities to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14 (8), 607–18. Huczynski, A., Buchanan, D. (2007). Organizational Behaviour: an introductory text (6th ed). Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Johnson, G. Scholes, K. (1999). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Hemel, Hempstead: Prentice Hall Europe. Keegan, W.J. ( 2002). Global marketing management (7th ed.). New Jersey : Prentice Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (1991). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of marketing (9th ed.). Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey :Printice Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2001). Principles of marketing (9th ed.) Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Printice Hall. Kriemadis, T., Terzoudis, C. (2007). Strategic Marketing Planning in the Sport Sector. Sport Management International Journal, 3(1), 27-45. Lauren, L. (1999). Why is a target Market Analysis Important. Georgia: Georgia Southern University. McDonald, M. H. B. (2002). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare them; How to  Use Them (5th ed.). London: Prentice Hall. Pulendran, S., Speed, R., Widing, RE. (2003). Marketing planning, market orientation and business performance. European Journal of Marketing, 37(3), 476-497. Salicru, S. (2010). The Process of Formulating and Implementing Market Strategy. San Francisco: Innovation Centre. Stalk, G., Eva ns, P., Shulman, L.E. (1992). Competing on Capabilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 92209, 59-68. Vorhies, D.W., Harker, M. (2000). The capabilities and Performance Advantages of Market-Driven Firms: An Empirical Investigation. Australian Journal of Management, 25(2), 154-173.

Air pollutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Air pollutions - Essay Example Firstly, one cannot begin to consider the question of whether establishing a train system would benefit the greater good without coming to a broad understanding of the fact that trains are inherently more efficient means of transportation than cars. For instance, a train is capable of moving multiple tons of cargo or passengers for the equivalent of 1 gallon of fuel; conversely a car, even at the most efficient level, requires at least one gallon to move 1 person more than 25-40 miles. Given this efficiency based argument, it comes to the central question of why trains are not utilized as a means of both saving money and the environment. The first reason for this is of course the issue of cost. It has been estimated that building a train system across the United States that would mirror train systems in Japan, Europe, or other developed regions around the world would cost trillions of dollars (High Speed Rail Overview 99). Such a program could of course be started under the logic tha t like Eisenhower’s Interstate program, the economic benefits would ultimately be repaid to the government over time due to economic gains of more rapid and cheaper transportation; however, the fact remains that the initial price tag associated with such an endeavor is so staggering that few if any politicians are willing to take up such a cause during one of the most trying and difficult economic times within the nation’s history (Boyd 38). Moreover, another factor that ties directly into the issue of cost is the level of debt that such a project would necessarily entail. As such, due to the hesitancy of the political leaders and many of the citizens to add on to an already monumental national deficit, no such project has been suggested. A secondary issue that is keeping the train from being further developed within the United States has to do with the unique culture that has seen the car become a type of iconic American symbol of freedom. Seeking to categorize this l evel of iconoclasm would be futile in such a brief work; however, suffice it to say that the car itself has become intrinsically tied to the American understanding and expression of individualism and freedom. In such a way, being a passenger on a train diminishes this feeling of individualism as everyone on the train arrives at the given destination at the same time and via the same means (Frohardt 339). Although this can of course be seen as a bit of an over simplification, it is doubtful that such a cultural understanding of freedom and transportation is likely to change within our lifetime. Although the implementation a rail system within the United States and throughout much of the rest of the world would doubtless save tens of billions of gallons/liters of fossil fuels from being burned and sent into the atmosphere in the form of carbon, the fact of the matter is that many nations are unlikely to develop these resources due to a fundamental lack of available cash with which to do so. More importantly, as one looks at the examples of modern train systems that function efficiently and hold these up as an example, one fundamental fact is noticed concerning them; the fact that each and every one of these nations or regions has shared a

Reasons for a Softening Insurance Market Assignment - 1

Reasons for a Softening Insurance Market - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that soft market conditions are likely to develop during periods of relatively low claim severity and frequency following hard market periods with opposite claim circumstances and re-insurers can command higher premium rates. During a soft market, a primary insurer such as Margin has more negotiating power in dealing with re-insurers than in a hard market. They can take advantage of this power by !) negotiating a premium reduction. 2) reduce their retention without an increase in cost or 3) obtain an increase in reinsurance covers at the same cost. Of the 3 alternatives, unless Margin feels they are already very well protected from catastrophic loss, option 1 should be the least favored one. Option 2 which I assume means keeping the same type of reinsurance but reducing their retention, I submit would be preferable because it would protect them better in case claims are more frequent and/or severe than anticipated. Option 3 I assume means con sidering also different types of reinsurance providing greater protection for the same cost. If so I think Margin should investigate this option. If they don’t already have stop-loss coverage for example perhaps this should be considered. As it protects their premium income if this can be obtained without additional cost. The bottom line for Margin is first of all for them to asses in a relatively worst-case scenario the number of claim costs it can safely bear without possibly going bankrupt, and then to consider the best type of reinsurance available for their portfolio, and cede beyond their retention to re-insurers at the lowest possible cost consistent with re-insurers’ good claim payment reputation and viability.